Abbreviations
TE = thermal equilibrium
MOS = metal-on-silicon
MOSFET = metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
BJT = bipolar junction transistor
CMOS = complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
CS = common source
OCTC = open circuit time constant
| LEC # | TOPICS | SLIDES | ADDITIONAL NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to semiconductors, doping, generation/recombination, TE carrier concentrations. Carrier dynamics and transport: drift. | (PDF) | |
| 2 | Excess populations and minimum carrier lifetime, photoconductivity. Non-uniform concentrations and diffusion. Fick's first and second laws. | (PDF) | |
| 3 | The five basic equations. Device structures in TE: carriers and electrostatic potential; the 60 mV rule. Poisson's equation (PE). | (PDF) |
Solving the five equations (PDF) Photoconductors (PDF) |
| 4 | P-n junctions in thermal equilibrium and under reverse bias, the depletion approximation (DA), comparison to PE solution. | (PDF) | |
| 5 | Review reverse biased junctions. Consider forward bias and the special case of minority carrier injection into quasineutral regions. | (PDF) | |
| 6 | Forward biased p-n junctions: carrier injection, i-v characteristics (ideal and real; forward and reverse). Engineering carrier injection. | (PDF) | |
| 7 | Bipolar junction transistors: two coupled diodes, terminal characteristics, regions of operation | (PDF) | |
| 8 | Solar cells and LEDs (light emitting diodes). | (PDF) | |
| 9 | MOS capacitors: the DA applied to two-terminal MOS capacitor accumulation, depletion, and inversion; VFB, VT, QA, and QN | (PDF) | |
| 10 | The three-terminal MOS capacitor. MOSFETs: begin gradual channel approximation (GCA) using DA and ignoring subthreshold carriers. | (PDF) | CCD Nobel Prize slides (PDF) |
| 11 | Complete GC/DA model for iDS: saturation, channel length modulation. Output characteristics; regions of operation. | (PDF) |
Drain current model (PDF) Gradual channel approximation for MOSFETs (PDF) |
| 12 | Subthreshold operation of MOSFETs. Development of model; compare to full numerical solution. Compare to/contrast with BJTs. | (PDF - 1.0MB) | Sub-threshold modeling notes (PDF - 1.1MB) |
| 13 | Linear equivalent circuits for MOSFETs and BJTs at low and high frequency; transconductance of subthreshold MOSFETs. | (PDF) | |
| 14 | Logic inverter basics. Introduction to CMOS: transfer characteristics, noise margins, optimal device sizing. | (PDF) |
Inverter analysis and design (PDF) Analysis of inverter switching delays (PDF) |
| 15 | CMOS analysis, continued: switching delays, power dissipation, speed/power trade-offs. | (PDF) | Analysis of CMOS gate delay and power (PDF) |
| 16 | CMOS analysis, continued: subthreshold leakage, scaling rules, and where it is all going. | (PDF) |
CMOS scaling and power dissipation (PDF) CMOS scaling: comparing 1970 and 2000 (PDF) |
| 17 | Linear amplifier basics: performance metrics, current source biasing, current mirrors, mid-band range, two-port representation. | (PDF) | |
| 18 | Single-transistor building block stages: common-source, common-gate, and common-drain (follower) stages; characteristics and features. | (PDF) | |
| 19 | Differential amplifiers: large signal transfer characteristics; small signal analysis using common- and difference-mode inputs. | (PDF) | |
| 20 | Multi-stage amplifiers I: cascading diff stages; current source biasing; output stages. | (PDF) | Active loads: current mirror load, Lee load (PDF) |
| 21 | Multi-stage amplifiers II: active loads, biasing for maximum gain, input and output swings. | (PDF) | The marvelous cascode (PDF) |
| 22 | Multi-stage amplifiers III: examples, stage selection, speciality stages, looking at a commercial op-amp schematic. Begin frequency response. | (PDF - 1.1MB) | |
| 23 | Frequency response of CS amplifiers, the Miller effect. Intrinsic frequency limitations of MOSFETs. Biasing to maximize speed, power trade-off. | (PDF) | |
| 24 | OCTC method for estimating frequency response. Subthreshold amplifiers for ultra-lower power electronics, frequency performance. | (PDF - 1.1MB) | |
| 25 | MOS imagers. Semester wrap-up; life after 6.012. | (PDF) |