Readings

Each week the students read the online daily newspaper El Universal and prepared to talk about major events with particular relevance to Cartagena and the objectives of the Practicum.

The following readings were assigned for each week of the course. The last two sessions did not have any readings associated with them.

Course readings.
SES #	TOPICS	READINGS
1	Introduction to the seminar and the challenges of food provisioning in global South cities	"Mercado de Bazurto: Como Gestionar El Cambio?" Cartagena Practicum/Bazurto final document. Ocampo, Jose Antonio. Entre Las Reformas y El Conflicto, Economía y Política en Colombia. Bogota, Colombia: Editorial Grupo Norma, 2004. ISBN: 9789580478270. Abello, Alberto. "La Economía Agridulce de la "Fragorosa" Cartagena." Documento de trabajo para el Curso de Verano Cartagena conocimiento vital del Caribe, de la Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 7 July 2004. Gaimo, Silvana. Cartagena de Indias, Sobrellevando la Crisis. Davis, Mike. Planet of Slums. London, UK: Verso, 2006, (selected chapters). ISBN: 9781844671601. Sen, Amartya. Poverty and Famines. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1983. ISBN: 9780198284635.
2	Food markets and development policy	Harrison, Kelly, Donald Henley, Harold Riley, and James Shaffer. Improving Food Marketing Systems in Developing Countries: Experiences from Latin America. Washington, DC: Department of Agricultural Economics, 1987, chapter 1. ISBN: 9789990414110. Savitt, Ronald. "Retail Change and Economic Development." In Retailing Environments in Developing Countries. Edited by John Dawson, Allan M. Frindlay, and Ronan Paddison. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990, pp 16-29. ISBN: 9780415037396. Van Wood, R., and Scott J. Vitell. "Marketing and Economic Development: Review, Synthesis and Evaluation." Journal of Macromarketing 6, no. 1 (1986): 28-48. Mittendorf, H. "Planning of Urban Wholesale Markets for Perishable Food with Particular Reference to Developing Countries." Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1976.
3	A discussion on informality, economic development and mobility in developing countries	Castells, Manuel, and Alejandro Portes. "The World Underneath: The Origins, Dynamics and Effects of the Informal Economy." In the Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Counties. Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. ISBN: 9780801837364. Perry, G., W. F. Maloney, O. Arias, P. Fajnzylber, A. Mason, J. Saaverdra-Chanduvi. "Informality: Exit and Exclusion." World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2007, (selections). (PDF) Chen, Martha, Joann Vanek and Marilyn Carr. Mainstreaming Informal Employment and Gender in Poverty Reduction. Commonwealth Secretariat 2004. Horn, Zoe Elana. "No Cushion to Fall Back On: The Global Economic Crisis and Informal Workers." Inclusive Cities Study. August 2009. (PDF) "Associations of Market Traders: Their Roles and Potential For Further Development." Agricultural Management, Marketing and Finance Service. Rome, 2005. (PDF)
4	What does food market modernization look like?	McMichael, Phillp. "Introduction." Food and Agrarian Orders in the World Economy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780275949662. Kaynak, Erdener, and S. Tamer Cavusgil. "The Evolution of Food Retailing Systems: Contrasting the Experience of Developed and Developing Countries." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 10, no. 3 (1982): 249-268. Reardon, Thomas, C. Peter Timmer, Christopher B. Barrett, and Julio Berdegue. "The Rise of Supermarkets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 85, no. 5 (2003): 1140-1146. (PDF) Humphrey, John. "The Supermarket Evolution in Developing Countries: Tidal Wave or Tough Competitive Struggle?" Journal of Economic Geography 7 (2007): 433-450.
5	The contradictions of food marketing in developing cities	Tinker, Irene. "Street Foods: Urban Food and Employment in Developing Countries. Oxford, UK and New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1997, (selections). ISBN: 9780195117110. [Read this book online.] Jayne, Thomas S. "Forces of Change Affecting African Food Markets: Implications for Public Policy. In The Transformation of Agri-Food Systems: Globalization, Supply Chains and Smallholder Farmers. Edited by Ellen B. McCullough, Prabhu L. Pingall, and Kostas G. Stamoulis. London, UK: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Earthscan, 2008, pp. 109-139. ISBN: 9781844075690. Cadilhon, Jean-Joseph, Paule Moustier, Nigel D. Poole, Phan thi Giac Tam, and Andrew P. Fearne. "Traditional Vs. Modern Food Systems? Insights from Vegetable Supply Chains to Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)." Development Policy Review 24, no. 1 (2006): 31-49. Goldman, Arieh, S. Ramaswami, and Robert E. Krider. "Barriers to the Advancement of Modern Food Retail Formats: Theory and Measurement." Journal of Retailing 78, no. 4 (2002): 281-295.
6	Developing policy to improve food supply	Aragrande, Maurizio, and Olivio Argenti. "Studying Food and Distribution Systems to Cities in Developing Countries and Countries in Transition: Methodological and Operational Guide." Food into Cities Collection. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001. (PDF - 1.8MB) UESP. "Documento Técnico de Soporte, Plan Maestro de Abastecimiento y Seguridad Alimentaria de Bogotá. Bogotá." Unidad Ejecutiva de Servicios Públicos, Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, 2005. Forero, Jaime. "El Sistema de Abastecimiento Alimentario de Bogotá: Análisis y Propuestas." In Bogotá: Autonomía Agroalimentaria. Diálogos y Controversisas. Edited by Jaime Forero, Roman Vega, Juliana Millán, Sara Granados, Bladimir Rodriguez. Bogotá: Planeta Paz, 2006. Simon, S. "Promises and Challenges of the Informal Food Sector in Developing Countries." Food into Cities Collection. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2007. Narayanan, Sudha. Case Study #6-2: "A Revolution in the Making: The Case of Agro-Food Retailing in India". In Food Policy for Developing Countries: Case Studies. Edited by Per Pinstrup-Andersen and Fuzhi Cheng. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007.
7	A discussion on planning	"Leading by Legitimacy: The Case of Framingham"; "Transformation of Gamarra market in Peru: An Insight – out process". Johnson, Steve. Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software. New York, NY: Scribner, 2001. ISBN: 9780684868752.
8	A discussion on mobility in the global South: Led by Ralph Gakenheimer, co-director of Mobility and Air Quality in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, and is a Developing Countries Specialist in the MIT Cooperative Mobility Program. A discussion on economic change: Led by Martha Isabel Bonilla, MIT Global Program Coordinator for the Green Hub Initiative at the Community Innovators Lab.	Gakenheimer, Ralph, and C. Zegras. "Personal Mobility in the Urbanized Developing World." Chapter 4 in Mobility 2001: World Mobility at the End of the Twentieth Century and Its Sustainability. World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Geneva, 2001, pp. 4-1-4-30. (PDF - 2.0MB) Vasconcellos, Eduardo A. "The Political Issue: Agents In Urban Transport Policy" Chapter 7 and "The Institutional Issue" Chapter 8. In Urban Transport, Environment and Equity: The Case for Developing Countries. London: Earthscan, 2001, pp. 75-83 and 84-95. ISBN: 9781853837272. North, Douglas C. Structure and Change in Economic History. Chapters 1, 5. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1982. ISBN: 9780393952414.
9	A discussion on participation and challenges for planning	Thompson, Phil. "Model for Organizing Communities: 2007. Umemoto, 2001. "Walking in Another's Shoes: Epistemological Challenges in Participatory Planning." Journal of Planning Education and Research 21 (2001):17-31. Berry, Jeffrey M., Ken Thomson, and Kent Portney. "The Case for Strong Democracy." Chapter 12 in The Rebirth of Urban Democracy. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 1993, pp. 283-299. ISBN: 9780815709275.
10	Introduction to qualitative research as a tool for planning and field work agenda and preparation	Suggested reading for the flight to Cartagena Abello, Alberto. "La Economía Agridulce de la "Fragorosa" Cartagena." Documento de trabajo para el Curso de Verano Cartagena conocimiento vital del Caribe, de la Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 7 July 2004. Gaimo, Silvana. Cartagena de Indias, Sobrellevando la Crisis. Guarin, Alejandro. "El Caso de Bogota."

Suggested reading for the flight to Cartagena