| 1 |
Introductory Class |
(no readings) |
| 2 |
Plato |
Plato's Meno, especially 80d-100b.
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Discourse on Metaphysics. Sections XXVI-XXVII.
 Fine, Gail. "Inquiry in the Meno." In Cambridge Companion to Plato. Edited by Richard Kraut. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN: 0521436109.
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| 3 |
Descartes |
Descartes, Rene. Meditations I-II.
Williams, Bernard. Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry. Revised ed. London, UK: Routledge, 2005. ISBN: 041535627X.
Hatfield, Gary. "The Senses and the Fleshless Eye: The Meditations as Cognitive Exercises." In Essays on Descartes' Meditations. Edited by Amélie O. Rorty. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986, pp. 45-79. ISBN: 0520055098.
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| 4 |
Locke/Leibniz |
Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1994, book I, chapter 1. ISBN: 0879759178.
Leibniz, G. W. "Leibniz's commentary on Locke (or to the character Philalethes who stands for Locke)." Chapters i-iii in New Essays Concerning Human Understanding. Edited by Jonathan Bennett and Peter Remnant. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, book I, preface pp. 48-53. ISBN: 0521576601.
Mackie, J. L. Problems from Locke. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2005, chapter 7. ISBN: 0198750366.
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| 5 |
Hume and the Positivists |
Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000, book 1, part 1. ISBN: 0198751729. Also available at Project Gutenberg, 2003.
Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999, sections 2 and 4. ISBN: 0198752482. Also available at Project Gutenberg, 2006.
Ayer, Alfred J. "The A Priori." Chapter 4 in Language, Truth and Logic. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1952. ISBN: 0486200108.
Hahn, Hans. "Logic, Mathematics, and Knowledge of Nature." In Logical Positivism. Edited by Alfred J. Ayer. New York, NY: Free Press, 2002. ISBN: 0029011302.
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| 6 |
Kant |
Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. 2nd Revised ed. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, introduction, sections I-II and IV-VI. ISBN: 1403911959.
Ewing, A. C. A Short Commentary on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Reissue ed. Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press, 1996, pp. 16-24. ISBN: 0226227782.
Van Cleve, James. Problems from Kant. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007, chapter 2. ISBN: 0195083229.
Recommended Readings
Kemp, John. The Philosophy of Kant. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1968, chapter 1.
Bennett, Jonathan. Kant's Analytic. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999, chapter 1, especially pp. 8-11. ISBN: 0521093899.
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| 7 |
Quine's Critique |
Quine, W. V. O. "Two Dogmas of Empiricism." In From a Logical Point of View. 2nd Revised ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. ISBN: 0674323513.
Putnam, Hilary. "The analytic and the synthetic." In Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers. Vol. 2. 2 Sub ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN: 0521295513. Originally published in 1962; reprinted in Putnam, Hilary.
Recommended Reading
Putnam, Hilary. "There is at least one a priori truth." In Realism and Reason: Philosophical Papers. Vol. 3. Reprint ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN: 0521313945. Originally published in 1978; reprinted in Putnam, Hilary.
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| 8 |
New Rationalisms |
Kitcher, Philip. "A Priori Knowledge." Philosophical Review 89 (1980): 3-23.
———. "A Priori Knowledge revisited." In New Essays on the A Priori. Edited by Paul. Boghossian and Christopher Peacocke. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN: 0199241279.
Recommended Readings
Edidin, Aron. "A priori knowledge for fallibilists." Philosophical Studies 46 (1984): 189-197.
Casullo, Albert. "Revisability, reliabilism and a priori knowledge." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 49 (1988): 187-213.
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