Readings

The following books are used frequently during the semester:

Buy at Amazon Ashenfelter, Orley, and Richard Layard, eds. The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 1. North-Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878564.

Buy at Amazon ———. The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 2. North-Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878571.

Buy at Amazon Ashenfelter, Orley, and David Card, eds. The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3. 3 volume set, vols. 3A, 3B, and 3C. North-Holland, 1999. ISBN: 9780444822895.

Buy at Amazon Angrist, Joshua, and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780691120355.

LEC # TOPICS READINGS
I. Labor Market Facts and Trends
1 Labor markets

Goldin, Claudia. "Labor Markets in the 20th Century." NBER Historical Working Paper no. 58, (June 1994).

Romer, Christina. "Spurious Volatility in Historical Unemployment Data." Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 1 (1986): 1-37. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.3MB)

Goldin, Claudia, and Robert Margo. "The Great Compression: The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid-century." Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, no. 1 (1992): 1-34.

Autor, David, and Mark Duggan. "The Rise in the Disability Rolls and the Decline in Unemployment." Quarterly Journal of Economics 118, no. 1 (2003): 157-205.

Farber, Henry. "Job Loss and the Decline in Job Security in the United States." Princeton University Industrial Relations Section, Working Paper no. 520, 2007. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Acemoglu, Daron, David Autor, and David Lyle. "Women, War, and Wages: The Effect of Female Labor Supply on the Wage Structure at Mid-century." Journal of Political Economy 112, no. 3 (2004): 497-551. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Buy at Amazon Katz, Lawrence, and David Autor. "Changes in the Wage Structure and Earnings Inequality." Chapter 26 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3A. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and David Card. North Holland, 1999. ISBN: 9780444501875.

Lemieux, Thomas. "The Changing Nature of U.S. Wage Inequality." Journal of Population Economics 21, no. 1 (2008): 21-48. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Autor, David, Lawrence Katz, and Melissa Kearney. "Trends in U.S. Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists." The Review of Economics and Statistics 90, no. 2 (2008): 300–323. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Saez, Emmanuel, and Thomas Piketty. "Income Inequality in the United States: 1913-1998." Quarterly Journal of Economics 118, no. 1 (2003). (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Kopczuk, Wojciech, Emmanuel Saez, and Jae Song. "Earnings Inequality and Mobility in the United States: Evidence From Social Security Data Since 1937." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 125, no. 1 (2010): 91-128. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
II. Neoclassical Labor Supply
2 Basics; review of duality

Buy at Amazon Deaton, Angus, and John Muellbauer. Economics and Consumer Behavior. Cambridge University Press, 1980. (Focus especially on chapter 4) ISBN: 9780521296762.

Buy at Amazon Killingsworth, Mark. Chapters 1, 2, and 7 in Labor Supply. Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN: 9780521299169.

Abbott, Michael, and Orley Ashenfelter. "Labor Supply, Commodity Demand and the Allocation of Time." Review of Economic Studies 43, no. 3 (1976): 389-411.

Ashenfelter, Orley, and James Heckman. "The Estimation of Income and Substitution Effects in a Model of Family Labor Supply." Econometrica 42, no. 1 (1974): 73-86. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.3MB)

Buy at Amazon Blundell, Richard, and Thomas MaCurdy. "Labor Supply: A Review of Alternative Approaches." Chapter 27 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3A. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and David Card. North Holland, 1999. ISBN: 9780444501875.

Buy at Amazon Killingsworth, Mark, and James Heckman. "Female Labor Supply: A Survey." Chapter 2 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 1. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard. North Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878564. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 5.5MB)

Ashenfelter, Orley. "What is Involuntary Unemployment?" Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 122, no. 3 (1978): 135-138.

Heckman, James J. "Shadow Prices, Market Wages and Labor Supply." Econometrica 42, no. 4 (1974): 679-94. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Imbens, Guido W., Donald B. Rubin, and Bruce I. Sacerdote. "Estimating the Effect of Unearned Income on Labor Supply: Evidence from a Survey of Lottery Players." American Economic Review 91, no. 4 (2001): 778-794. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
3-4 Tax and transfer programs; theoretical and empirical analysis of negative income tax (NIT) programs

Buy at Amazon Moffitt, Robert. "Welfare Programs and Labor Supply." Chapter 34 in Handbook of Public Economics. Vol. 4. Edited by Alan Auerbach, and Martin Feldstein. North Holland, 2002. ISBN: 9780444823151.

Eissa, Nada, and Jeffrey Leibman. "Labor Supply Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit." Quarterly Journal of Economics 111, no. 2 (1996): 605-637. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 2.9MB)

Buy at Amazon Ashenfelter, Orley. "The Labor Supply Response of Wage Earners." In Welfare in Rural Areas. Edited by John Palmer, and Joseph Pechman. Brookings Institution, 1978, pp. 109-148. ISBN: 9780815768951.

Greenberg, D., and H. Halsey. "Systematic Misreporting and Effects of Income Maintenance Experiments on Work Effort: Evidence from the SIME-DIME." Journal of Labor Economics 1, no. 4 (1983): 380-407.

Ashenfelter, Orley. "Determining Participation in Income-Tested Social Programs." Journal of the American Statistical Association 78, no. 383 (1983): 517-525.

Ashenfelter, Orley, and Mark Plant. "Non-Parametric Estimates of the Labor Supply Effects of Negative Income Tax Programs." Journal of Labor Economics 8, no. 1, part 2, (1990): S397-S415.

Plant, Mark. "An Empirical Analysis of Welfare Dependence." American Economic Review 74, no. 4 (1984): 673-684.

Blank, Rebecca. "Evaluating Welfare Reform in the United States." Journal of Economic Literature 40 (2002): 1105-1166. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Card, David, and Dean Hyslop. "Estimating the Effects of a Time-Limited Earnings Subsidy for Welfare-Leavers." Econometrica 73, no. 6 (2005): 1723-1770. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
5 The life-cycle model; theory; the institute of statistics and econometrics; basic panel econometrics

Lucas, Robert E., and Leonard Rapping. "Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation." Journal of Political Economy 77, no. 5 (1969): 721-764. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.7MB)

Buy at Amazon Becker, Gary, and Gilbert Ghez. Allocation of Time and Goods Over the Life-Cycle. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1975. ISBN: 9780870145148.

MaCurdy, Thomas. "An Empirical Model of Labor Supply in a Life-Cycle Setting." Journal of Political Economy 89, no. 6 (1981): 1059-1085.

Altonji, Joseph. "Intertemporal Substitution in Labor Supply: Evidence from Micro Data." Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 3, part 2 (1986): S176-S215.

Browning, Martin, Angus Deaton, and Margaret Irish. "A Profitable Approach to Labor Supply and Commodity Demand Over the Life-Cycle." Econometrica 53, no. 3 (1985): 503-543.

Ashenfelter, Orley. "Macroeconomic Analyses and Microeconomic Analyses of Labor Supply." Carnegie-Rochester Conference on Public Policy 21, no. 1 (1984): 117-156.

Angrist, Joshua. "Grouped-Data Estimation and Testing in Simple Labor Supply Models." Journal of Econometrics 47, no. 2 (1991): 243-266.

Buy at Amazon Card, David. "Intertemporal Labor Supply: An Assessment." In Advances in Econometrics Sixth World Congress. Vol. II. Edited by Christopher Sims. Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 49-78. ISBN: 9780521566094.

Blundell, Richard, Alan Duncan, and Costas Meghir. "Estimating Labor Supply Responses Using Tax Reforms." Econometrica 66, no. 4 (1998): 827-861. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 3.0MB)

Devereux, Paul J. "Small Sample Bias in Synthetic Cohort Models of Labor Supply." The Journal of Applied Econometrics 22, no. 4 (2007): 839-848.

Card, David, Raj Chetty, and Andrea Weber. "Cash-on-Hand and Competing Models of Intertemporal Behavior: New Evidence from the Labor Market." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 4 (2007): 1511-1560.

Buy at Amazon Angrist, Joshua, and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780691120355.
6 Cab drivers, stadium vendors, and bicycle messengers

Camerer, Colin, Linda Babcock, George Lowenstein, and Richard Thaler. "Labor Supply of New York City Cabdrivers: One Day at a Time." Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (1997): 407-441.

Oettinger, Gerald S. "An Empirical Analysis of the Daily Labor Supply of Stadium Vendors." Journal of Political Economy 107, no. 2 (1999): 360-92.

Farber, Henry. "Is Tomorrow Another Day? The Labor Supply of New York City Cab Drivers." Journal of Political Economy 113, no. 1 (2005): 46-82. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Fehr, Ernst, and Lorenz Goette. "Do Workers Work More if Wages are High? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (2007): 298-317.

Farber, Henry. "Reference-Dependent Preferences and Labor Supply: The Case of New York City Taxi Drivers." American Economic Review 98, no. 3 (2008): 1069-1082.

Ashenfelter, Orley, Kirk Doran, and Bruce Schaller. "A Shred of Credible Evidence on the Long-Run Elasticity of Labor Supply." National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 15746, (2010).
7 Household family models; theory of time allocation; IV/Wald estimators

Buy at Amazon Becker, Gary S. A Treatise on the Family. Harvard University Press, 1981. ISBN: 9780674906969.

Bronars, Stephen, and Jeff Grogger. "The Economic Consequences of Unwed Motherhood: Using Twins as a Natural Experiment." American Economic Review 84, no. 5 (1994): 1141-1156.

Browning, M. "Children and Household Economic Behavior." Journal of Economic Literature 30, no. 3 (1992): 1434-1475.

Gronau, Reuben. "Leisure, Home Production. and Work—The Theory of the Allocation of Time Revisited." Journal of Political Economy 85, no. 6 (1977): 1099-1124.

Buy at Amazon ———. "Home Production—A Survey." Chapter 4 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 1. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard. North Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878564.

Angrist, Joshua, and William Evans. "Children and their Parents' Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family Size." American Economic Review 88, no. 3 (1998): 450-477.

Gronau, Reuben. "Sex-Related Wage Differentials and Women's Interrupted Careers-The Chicken or the Egg." Journal of Labor Economics 6, no. 3 (1988): 277-301.

Willis, Robert. "What Have We Learned from the Economics of the Family?" American Economic Review 77, no. 2 (1987): 68-81.

Gelbach, Jonah. "Public Schooling for Young Children and Maternal Labor Supply." American Economic Review 92, no. 1 (2002): 307-322.

Kearney, Melissa. "Is There an Effect of Incremental Welfare Benefits on Fertility Behavior? A Look at the Family Cap." Journal of Human Resources 39, no. 2 (2004): 295-325.

Buy at Amazon Angrist, Joshua, and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. "Instrumental Variables." Chapter 4 in Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780691120355.

Marriage Markets

Becker, Gary. "A Theory of Marriage: Part I." Journal of Political Economy 81, no. 4 (1973): 813-46.

Grossbard-Shechtman, Amyra. "A Theory of Allocation of Time in Markets for Labor and Marriage." Economic Journal 94 (1984): 863-882.

Chiappori, Pierre-Andre, Bernard Fortin, and Guy Lacroix. "Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation, and Household Labor Supply." Journal of Political Economy 110, no. 1 (2002): 37-72.

Angrist, Joshua. "How Do Sex Ratios Affect Marriage and Labor Markets? Evidence from America's Second Generation." Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, no. 3 (2002): 997-301.

Qian, Nancy. "Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Sex-Specific Income on Sex Imbalance." Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, no. 3 (2008): 1251-1285. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
8 Quantity/quality trade-offs

Becker, Gary, and H. Gregg Lewis. "On the Interaction between the Quantity and Quality of Children." Journal of Political Economy 82, no. 2, part 2 (1973): S279-S288.

Becker, Gary, and Nigel Tomes. "Child Endowments and the Quantity and Quality of Children." Journal of Political Economy 84, no. 4, part 2 (1976): S143-S162.

Rosenzweig, Mark, and Kenneth Wolpin. "Testing the Quantity-Quality Fertility Model: The Use of Twins as a Natural Experiment." Econometrica 48, no. 1 (1980): 227-240.

Black, Sandra, Paul Devereux, and Kjell Salvanes. "The More the Merrier? The Effect of Family Size and Birth Order on Children's Education." Quarterly Journal of Economics 120, no. 2 (2005): 669-700.

Qian, Nancy. "Quantity-Quality and the One Child Policy: The Only-Child Disadvantage in School Enrollment in Rural China." National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 14973, 2009.

Angrist, Joshua, Victor Lavy, and Analia Schlosser. "New Evidence on the Causal Link between the Quantity and Quality of Children." The Journal of Labor Economics (2011). (Forthcoming)

Rosenzweig, Mark, and Kenneth Wolpin. "Natural "Natural Experiments" Experiments in Economics." Journal of Economic Literature 38 (2000): 827-834.

Rosenzweig, Mark, and Junsen Zhang. "Do Population Control Policies Induce More Human Capital Investment? Twins, Birthweight, and China's "One Child" Policy." Review of Economic Studies 76, no. 3 (2009): 1149-1174.
III. Labor Demand, Immigration, Minimum Wages, Unions
9 Neoclassical demand theory; review of Hicks-Marshall formulas

Buy at Amazon Hamermesh, Daniel. Labor Demand. Princeton University Press, 1993. (Read chapters, 2-3, pp. 18-136.) ISBN: 9780691042541.

Buy at Amazon ———. "The Demand for Labor in the Long Run." Chapter 8 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 1. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard. North Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878564.

Buy at Amazon Nickell, S. "Dynamic Models of Labor Demand." Chapter 9 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 1. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard. North Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878564.

Card, David. "Unexpected Inflation, Real Wages, and Employment Determination in Union Contracts." American Economic Review 80, no. 4 (1990): 669-88.

Angrist, Joshua. "Short-Run Demand for Palestinian Labor." Journal of Labor Economics 14, no. 3 (1996): 425-453.
10 Empirical studies of immigration effects

Johnson, George E. "The Labor Market Effects of Immigration." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 33, no. 3 (1980): 331-341.

Borjas, George. "The Economic Benefits from Immigration," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 2 (1995): 3-22. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Buy at Amazon Altonji, J., and David Card. "The Effects of Immigration on the Labor Market Outcomes of Less-Skilled Natives." In Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market. Edited by John Abowd, and Richard Freeman. University of Chicago Press, 1991, pp. 201-234. ISBN: 9780226000954.

Card, David. "The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43 (1990): 245-257.

Borjas, George, Richard B. Freeman, and Lawrence F. Katz. "How Much Do Immigrant and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes?" Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1 (1997): 1-90. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.6MB)

Pischke, Jorn-Steffen, and Johannes Velling. "Employment Effects of Immigration to Germany: An Analysis Based on Local Labor Markets." The Review of Economics and Statistics 79 (1997): 594-604.

Angrist, Joshua, and A. Kugler. "Protective or Counter-Productive? Labor Market Institutions and the Effect of Immigration on EU Natives." The Economic Journal 113, no. 488 (2003): F302-F331.

Borjas, George. "The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market." Quarterly Journal of Economics 118, no. 4 (2003): 1335-1374. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Cortes, Paul. "The Effect of Low-Skilled Immigration on US Prices: Evidence from CPI Data." Journal of Political Economy 116, no. 3 (2008): 381-422.

Card, David. "Immigration and Inequality." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 99, no. 2 (2009): 1-21.

Smith, Christopher L. "The Impact of Low-skilled Immigration on the Youth Labor Market." Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Working Paper 2010-3, December 2009. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Bleakley, Hoyt, and Aimee Chin. "Language Skills and Earnings: Evidence from Childhood Immigrants." Review of Economics and Statistics 86, no. 2 (2004): 481-96. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
11 Minimum wages; review of monopsony

Buy at Amazon Brown, Charles. "Minimum Wages, Employment, and the Distribution of Income." Chapter 32 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3. 3 volume sets, vols. 3A, 3B, and 3C. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and David Card. North Holland, 1999. ISBN: 9780444822895.

Card, David. "Using Regional Variation to Measure the Effect of the Federal Minimum Wage." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46, no. 1 (1992): 22-37. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Buy at Amazon Card, David, and Alan B. Krueger. Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage. Princeton University Press, 1997. ISBN: 9780691048239.

Kennan, John. "The Elusive Effects of Minimum Wages." Journal of Economic Literature 33, no. 4 (1995): 1950-1965.

Dickens, Richard, Stephen Machin, and Alan Manning. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Employment: Theory and Evidence From Britain." Journal of Labor Economics 17, no. 1 (1999): 1-22.

Buy at Amazon Manning, Alan. Monopsony in Motion: Imperfect Competition in Labor Markets. Princeton University Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780691123288.
12 Differences-in-differences methods; the M&M controversy Buy at Amazon Angrist, Joshua, and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. "Parallel Worlds: Fixed Effects, Differences-in-Differences, and Panel Effects." Chapter 5 in Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780691120355.
13-14 Union relative wage effects; bargaining and efficient contracts

Buy at Amazon Freeman, Richard, and James Medoff. What Do Unions Do? Basic Books, 1986. ISBN: 9780465091348.

Buy at Amazon Lewis, H. Gregg. Union Relative Wage Effects: A Survey. University of Chicago Press, 1986. ISBN: 9780226477213.

Buy at Amazon Farber, Henry. "The Analysis of Union Behavior." In The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 2. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard. North Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878571.

Brown, James N., and Orley Ashenfelter. "Testing the Efficiency of Employment Contracts." Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 3 (1986): S40-S87.

Jakubson, George. "Estimation and Testing of the Union Wage Effect Using Panel Data." Review of Economic Studies 58, no. 5 (1991): 971-991.

DiNardo, John Enrico, and David S. Lee. "Economic Impacts of New Unionization on US Private Sector Employers: 1984-2001." Quarterly Journal of Economics 119, no. 4 (2004): 1383-1441. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.7MB)

Lee, David, and Alexandre Mas. "Long-run Impacts of Unions on Firms: New Evidence from Financial Markets." National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 14709, February 2009.

Frandsen, Brigham. "Union Wage Setting and the Distribution of Employee Earnings: Evidence from Certification Elections." MIT Manuscript, summer 2010. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Buy at Amazon Angrist, Joshua, and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. "Getting a Little Jumpy: Regression Discontinuity." Chapter 6 in Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780691120355.
IV. Human Capital
15 Schooling experience and earnings; basic theory; ability bias

Buy at Amazon Mincer, Jacob. Schooling, Experience, and Earnings. National Bureau of Economics Research, 1974. ISBN: 9780870142659.

Buy at Amazon Becker, Gary. Human Capital. University of Chicago Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780226041209.

Buy at Amazon Willis, Richard J. "Wage Determinants: A Survey and Reinterpretation of Human Capital Earnings Functions." Chapter 10 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 2. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard. North Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878571.

Ben-Porath, Yoram. "The Production of Human Capital Over the Life Cycle.'' Journal of Political Economy 75, no. 4-1 (1967): 352-365.

Willis, Robert J., and Sherwin Rosen. "Education and Self-Selection." Journal of Political Economy 87, no. 5, part 2 (1979): S7-S36. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.2MB)

Buy at Amazon Freeman, Richard. "Demand for Education." Chapter 6 in The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 2. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard. North Holland, 1987. ISBN: 9780444878571.

Angrist, Joshua. "The Economic Returns to Schooling in the West Bank and Gaza Strip." American Economic Review 85, no. 5 (1995): 1065-1087.

Lang, Kevin, and David Kropp. "Human Capital Versus Sorting: The Effects of Compulsory Attendance Laws." Quarterly Journal of Economics 101 (1986): 609-624.

Tyler, John, Richard J. Murnane, and John Willett. "Estimating the Labor Market Signaling value of the GED." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115 (2008): 431-468.
16-17 Signaling; returns to schooling econometrics

Griliches, Zvi, and William Mason. "Education, Income, and Ability." Journal of Political Economy 80, no. 3 (1972): S74-S103.

Griliches, Zvi. "Estimating the Returns to Schooling: Some Econometric Problems." Econometrica 45, no. 1 (1977): 1-22.

Angrist, Joshua, and Alan Krueger. "Does Compulsory Schooling Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 106, no 4. (1991): 979-1014.

Lang, Kevin. "Ability Bias, Discount Rate Bias, and the Returns to Schooling." Boston University Mimeo, 1993. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Card, David. "Earnings, Schooling, and Ability Revisited." National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 4832, 1994. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.3MB)

Buy at Amazon ———. "The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings." In The Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3. 3 volume set, vols. 3A, 3B, and 3C. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter, and David Card. North Holland, 1999. ISBN: 9780444822895.

Kling, Jeffrey. "Interpreting Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Returns to Schooling." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 19, no. 3 (2001): 358-364. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Card, D. "Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems." Econometrica, 69, no. 5 (2001): 1127-1160

Oreopoulos, Philip. "Estimating Average and Local Average Treatment Effects of Education when Compulsory Schooling Laws really Matter." American Economic Review 96, no. 1 (2006): 152-175.
18 Returns to experience and on-the-job training (OJT)

Jovanovic, Boyan. "Firm-Specific Capital and Turnover." Journal of Political Economy 87, no. 6 (1979): 1246-1260.

Altonji, Joseph, and Robert Shakotko. "Do Wages Rise with Job Seniority?" Review of Economic Studies 54, no. 3 (1987): 437-459.

Topel, Robert. "Specific Capital, Mobility, and Wages: Wages Rise with Job Seniority." Journal of Political Economy 99, no. 1 (1991): 145-176

Topel, Robert, and Michael Ward. "Job Mobility and the Careers of Young Men." Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, no. 2 (1992): 439-479.

Buy at MIT Press Buy at Amazon Lazear, Edward P. Personnel Economics. MIT Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780262121880 (Read chapter 7).

Angrist, Joshua. "Lifetime Earnings and the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery: Evidence from Social Security Administrative Records." American Economic Review 80, no. 3 (1990): 313-336.

Angrist, Joshua, and Stacey Chen. "Long-Term Consequences of Vietnam-Era Conscription: Schooling, Experience and Earning." IZA Discussion Paper 3628, 2008. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Acemoglu, Daron, and Stephen Pischke. "Beyond Becker: Training in Imperfect Labor Markets." Economic Journal 109, no. 453 (1999): F112-142. (PDF)

Autor, David H. "Why do Temporary Help Firms Provide Free General Skills Training?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 116, no. 3 (2001): 1409-1448. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Jacobson, Louis, Robert LaLonde, and Daniel Sullivan. "Earning Losses of Displaced Workers." American Economic Review 83 (1993): 685-709.

Von Wachter, Till, Jae Song, and Joyce Manchester. "Long-Terms Earnings Losses due to Mass Layoffs during the 1982 Recession: An Analysis Using U.S. Administrative Data from 1974 to 2004." Columbia Dept of Economics, 2009.
19 Education production: school inputs, school quality, student and teacher incentives

Card, David, and Alan Krueger. "Does School Quality Matter? Returns to Education and the Characteristics of Public Schools in the United States." Journal of Political Economy 100, no. 1 (1992): 1-40

———. "School Quality and Black-White Relative Earnings: A Direct Assessment." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, no. 1 (1992): 151-200.

Welch, F. "Black-White Differences in Returns to Schooling." The American Economic Review 63, no. 5 (1973): 893-907.

Angrist, Joshua, and Victor Lavy. "Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Student Achievement." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, no. 2 (1999): 533-575. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Krueger, Alan. "Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, no. 2 (1999): 497-532.

Angrist, Joshua, and J. Guryan. "Does Teacher Testing Raise Teacher Quality? Evidence from State Certification Requirements." Economics of Education Review 27, no. 5 (2008): 483-503.

Duflo, Esther. "Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment." American Economic Review 91 (2001): 795-813. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Angrist, Joshua, and Victor Lavy. "New Evidence on Classroom Computers and Pupil Learning." The Economic Journal 112 (2002): 735-765. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Incentives

Angrist, Joshua, and Victor Lavy. "The Effects of High Stakes High School Achievement Awards: Evidence from a Randomized Trial." American Economic Review 99, no. 4 (2009): 1384-1414. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Angrist, Joshua, and Philip Oreopoulos. "Incentives and Services for College Achievement: Evidence from a Randomized Trial." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 1 (2009): 136–63.

Kremer, Michael, Edward Miguel, and Rebecca Thornton. "Incentives to Learn." The Review of Economics and Statistics 91, no. 3 (2009): 437-456.

Lavy, Victor. "Performance Pay and Teachers' Effort, Productivity, and Grading Ethics." The American Economic Review 99, no. 5 (2009): 1979–2011.

Fryer, Roland. "Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence from Randomized Trials." National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 15898, April 2010.

Duflo, Esther, Rema Hanna, and Stephen Ryan. "Incentives Work: Getting Teachers to Come to School." MIT Mimeo, May 2010. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
20 Competition and regulation

Hoxby, Caroline. "Does Competition among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers?" American Economic Review 90, no. 5 (2000): 1209-1238.

Rothstein, Jesse. "Does Competition Among Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers? A Comment on Hoxby (2000)." American Economic Review 97, no. 5 (2007): 2026-2037.

Angrist, Joshua, Eric Bettinger, Erik Bloom, Elizabeth King, and Michael Kremer. "Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment." American Economic Review (2002): 1535-1558. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Neal, Derek, and Diane Schanzenbach. "Left Behind by Design: Proficiency Counts and Test-Based Accountability." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 13293, August 2007.

Guryan, Jonathan. "Desegregation and Black Dropout Rates." American Economic Review 94, no. 4 (2004): 919-943.

Rothstein, Jesse. "Good Principals or Good Peers? Parental Valuation of School Characteristics, Tiebout Equilibrium, and the Incentive Effects of Competition Among Jurisdictions." American Economic Review 96, no. 4 (2006): 1333-1350. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Clark, Damon. "The Performance and Competitive Effects of School Autonomy." Journal of Political Economy 117, no. 4 (2009): 745-783.

Cullen, Julie Berry, Brian A. Jacob, and Steven Levitt. "The Effect of School Choice on Student Outcomes: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries." Econometrica 74, no. 5 (2006): 1191-1230.

Angrist, Joshua, et al. "Accountability and Flexibility in Public Schools: Evidence from Boston's Charters and Pilots." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 15549, November 2009.
21 Human capital policy; higher education

Buy at Amazon Schweinhart, Lawrence J., W. Steven Barnett, and Clive Belfield. Lifetime Effects: The HighScope Perry Preschool Study Through Age 40. High/Scope Press, 2005. ISBN: 9781573792523.

Anderson, Michael. "Multiple Inference and Gender Differences in the Effects of Early Intervention: A Reevaluation of the Abecedarian, Perry Preschool, and Early Training Projects." Journal of the American Statistical Association 103, no. 484 (2008): 1481-1495.

Buy at MIT Press Buy at Amazon Heckman, James, and Alan Krueger. Inequality in America: What Role for Human Capital Policies? MIT Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780262582605.

Ludwig, Jens, and Douglas Miller. "Does Head Start Improve Children's Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122 (2007): 159-208.

Head Start Impact Study: Final Report. US Department of Health and Human Services, 2010. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 4.3MB)

Fryer, Roland, and Will Dobbie. "Are High Quality Schools Enough to Close the Achievement Gap? Evidence from a Social Experiment in Harlem." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 15473, November 2009. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 1.3MB)

Kane, Thomas, and Douglas Staiger. "Estimating Teacher Impacts on Student Achievement: An Experimental Evaluation." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14607, December 2008.

Rothstein, Jesse. "Teacher Quality in Education Production: Tracking, Decay and Achievement." Quarterly Journal of Economics 125, no. 1 (2010): 175-214. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Higher Education

Kane, Thomas, and Cecilia Rouse. "Labor Market Returns to Two- and Four-Year College." American Economic Review 85, no. 3 (1995): 600-614.

Dale, S., and Alan Krueger. "Estimating the Payoff to Attending a More Selective College: An Application of Selection on Observables and Unobservables." Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, no. 4 (2002): 1491-1527.

Dynarksi, Susan. "Does Aid Matter? Measuring the Effect of Student Aid on College Attendance and Completion." American Economic Review 93, no. 1 (2003): 279-288. (PDF)
22-23 Evaluation of government training programs

LaLonde, Robert. "The Promise of Public Sector Training Programs." Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 2 (1995): 149-168.

Buy at Amazon Orr, Larry, Howard Bloom, Stephen Bell, Fred Doolittle, and Winston Lin. Does Training for the Disadvantaged Work? Evidence from the National JTPA Study. University Press of America, 1996. ISBN: 9780877666479.

Ashenfelter, Orley. "Estimating the Effect of Training Programs on Earnings." The Review of Economics and Statistics 60 (1978): 47-57.

Ashenfelter, Orley, and David Card. "Using the Longitudinal Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training Programs on Earnings." The Review of Economics and Statistics 67 (1985): 648-66.

LaLonde, Robert. "Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data." American Economic Review 76 (1986): 604-620.

Heckman, James, and Joseph Hotz. "Choosing Among Alternative Non-experimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The Case of Manpower Training." Journal of the American Statistical Association 84, no. 408 (1989): 862-874.

Dehejia, Rajeev, and Sadek Wahba. "Causal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies: Re-evaluating the Evaluation of Training Programs." Journal of the American Statistical Association 94, no. 448 (1999): 1053-1062.

Smith, Jeffrey, and Petra Todd. "Does Matching Overcome LaLonde's Critique of Nonexperimental Estimators?" Journal of Econometrics 125, no. 1-2 (2005): 305-353. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
24 Externalities and peer effects

Acemoglu, Daron. "A Microfoundation for Social Increasing Returns in Human Capital Accumulation." Quarterly Journal of Economics 111, no. 3 (1996): 779-804.

Buy at MIT Press Buy at Amazon Acemoglu, Daron, and Joshua Angrist. "How Large are Human-Capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws." In NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000. Edited by Ben Bernanke and Kenneth Rogoff. MIT Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780262523141.

Sacerdote, Bruce. "Peer Effects with Random Assignment: Results from Dartmouth Roommates." Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2001): 681-704.

Zimmerman, David. "Peer Effects in Higher Education: Evidence from a Natural Experiment." Review of Economics and Statistics 85 (2003): 9-23.

Oreopoulos, Philip. "The Long-run Consequences of Living in a Poor Neighborhood." Quarterly Journal of Economics 118, no. 4 (2003): 1533-1575. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Kremer, Michael, and Dan Levy. "Peer Effects and Alcohol use Among College Students." Journal of Economic Perspectives 22, no. 3 (2008): 189-206.

Angrist, Joshua, and Kevin Lang. "How Important are Classroom Peer Effects? Evidence from Boston's METCO Program." American Economic Review 94 (2004): 1613-1634.

Duflo, Esther, Pascaline Dupas, and Michael Kremer. "Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14475, November 2008.

Moretti, Enrico. "Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Section Data." Journal of Econometrics 121, no. 1-2 (2004): 175-212.

Mas, Alexandre, and Enrico Moretti. "Peers at Work." American Economic Review 99, no. 1 (2009): 112-145.

Kling, Jeffrey, Jeffrey B. Liebman, and Lawrence F. Katz. "Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects." Econometrica 75 (2007): 83-119.

Buy at Amazon Angrist, Joshua and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780691120355. (Read section 4.6.2)
V. Discrimination
25 Theory; wage gaps

Buy at Amazon Becker, Gary. The Economics of Discrimination. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, 1971. ISBN: 9780226041162.

Buy at Amazon Lang, Kevin. Poverty and Discrimination. Princeton University Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780691119540.

Aigner, Dennis, and Glen Cain. "Statistical Theories of Discrimination in Labor Markets." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 20, no. 2 (1977): 175-187. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Autor, David, and D. Scarborough. "Does Job Testing Harm Minority Workers? Evidence from Retail Establishments." Quarterly Journal of Economics 123 (2008): 219-277.

Wage Gaps

Smith, James, and Finis Welch. "Black Economic Progress after Myrdal." Journal of Economic Literature 27, no. 2 (1989): 519-564.

Neal, Derek. "The Measured Black-White Wage Gap among Women is Too Small." Journal of Political Economy 112, no. S1 (2004): S1-S28. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)

Mulligan, Casey, and Yona Rubinstein. "Selection, Investment, and Women's Relative Wages Over Time." Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, no. 3 (2008): 1061-1110.
26 Anti-discrimination policy

Leonard, J. "The Impact of Affirmative Action on Employment." Journal of Labor Economics 2 (1984): 439-177.

Heckman, James, and B. Payner. "Determining the Impact of Federal Anti-discrimination Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks: A Study of South Carolina." American Economic Review 79 (1989): 138-177.

Donohue, John, and James Heckman. "Continuous v. Episodic Change: the Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks." Journal of Economic Literature 29, no. 4 (1991): 1603-1643.

Angrist, Joshua, and Daron Acemoglu. "Consequences of Employment Protection? The Case of the Americans with Disabilities Act." Journal of Political Economy 109, no. 5 (2001): 915-957.

Chay, K. "The Impact of Federal Civil Rights Policy on Black Economic Progress: Evidence from the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 51, no. 4 (1998).

McCrary, J. "The Effect of Court-Order Hiring Quotas on the Composition and Quality of Police." American Economic Review 97 no. 1 (2008): 318-353.