Gene Regulation

 

Gene Regulation–Levels

DNA to protein central dogma can be regulated by DNA rearrangement, transcriptional regulation, and translational regulation. Transcriptional regulation includes: Initiation, splicing, and mRNA stability.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 13 (1:33 - 9:23)

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Gene Regulation in Bacteria

The need for gene regulation in bacteria with beta-galactosidase as an example.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 13 (9:23 - 18:00)

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Structure of the Lac Operon and Transcriptional Repressor

Lac operon includes the lac gene, promoter, gene for the lac repressor and operator. Lac repressor inhibits transcription by binding to the operator. Lactose induces transcription by sequestering the lac repressor.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 13 (18:00 - 30:54)

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Transcriptional Activator

Transcriptional activator with cAMP as an example. Under low glucose conditions, high cAMP levels activate the lac gene by helping RNA polymerase to bind to the lac promotor.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 13 (47:29 - 51:35)

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Transcriptional Regulation

Transcription regulated by the non-universal promoters and transcriptional terminators. RNA polymerase used in transcription.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 12 (37:57 - 44:00)

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Lactose Metabolism

Study of gene regulation using lactose and beta-galactosidase. Determined that regulation occurred at the transcriptional level.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 13 (36:56 - 44:46)

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Lactose Operon and Regulatory Components II

Definition of operon, promotor, terminator, and lac repressor. Repressor binds to the operator region near the promotor to suppress transcription. Lactose binds repressor to suppress the repressor.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 14 (7:45 - 26:22)

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Promotors

Definition, function, nomenclature, and role of promoters in the lac operon. Promotor is a DNA sequence that bind RNA polymerase to start transcription of a gene.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 14 (26:22 - 30:45)

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Gene Regulation–Positive and Negative

Negative versus positive regulation. Examples and mutations that affect regulation.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 14 (30:45 - 37:45)

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Gene Regulation–Positive Regulation

Specifics for glucose as the positive regulator of the lac operon with several intermediates.

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  • Watch video clip from Lecture 14 (37:45 - 47:32)

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Promoters, Introns, Exons, and Splicing

Gene components relevant to the processes of transcription, and splicing.

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Gene Expression–Translation

A introduction to the translation step of the 'Central Dogma'. Includes interpreters, amino acids, and the other basic components of translation.

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Ribosomes

Ribosomal structure and components. Large ribosomal complex consisting of subunits, proteins, and rRNA.

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Gene Regulation–Theose Operon Example

Operon with multiple regulatory components for expression of multiple genes in the same pathway.

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Gene Regulation

Definition of gene and protein. Components of gene regulation; cis- and trans- regulation.

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Gene Regulation–Fryose Operon Example

Fryose metabolism operon as an example of gene regulation. Mutations affecting different regulatory components.

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Maltose Operon

Gene regulation in an operon as controlled by inducers and repressors.

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Gene Regulation–Fad Operon Example

Gene regulation in an operon controlled by a repressor. Mutations in the genes or regulatory components within the operon that affect gene regulation.

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