Optimization: Absolute & Relative Extrema


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Lecture Notes

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Section 2, Page 1 to page 3

Maximization and minimization problems are worked through step-by-step. Maximizing the area enclosed by a given fence length, and minimizing the travel time of a swimmer who has to get to a point on the shore (relates to Snell's law).

Instructor: Prof. Jason Starr
Prior Knowledge: First Derivative Test, Critical and Extremal Points (lecture 9)
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Section 3, Page 4 to page 5

Max/Min problem of maximizing area enclosed by a trapezoid inscribed in a semicircle.

Instructor: Prof. Jason Starr
Prior Knowledge: Max/Min Problems (section 2 of lecture 10)
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Section 3, Page 3 to page 4

Problems and answers without full explanation. Finding tangent lines to an ellipse, minimizing surface area of a grain silo, finding the volume of a solid of revolution, computing an antiderivative using trig substitution, and computing an antiderivative using integration by parts.

Instructor: Prof. Jason Starr
Prior Knowledge: Tangent Lines (section 1 of lecture 2), Max/Min Problems (section 2 of lecture 10), Volume of Solids of Revolution (section 3 of lecture 19), Inverse Substitution (section 3 of lecture 25), Integration by Parts (section 1 of lecture 27)
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Online Textbook Chapters

Quadratic Behavior at Critical Points (18.013A, Spring 2005)

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Definition of a critical point and its use in finding maxima and minima of a function.

Instructor: Prof. Daniel J. Kleitman
Prior Knowledge: Quadratic Approximations (OT10.1)
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Finding the extremal values of a function, including distinction between local and global maxima and minima.

Instructor: Prof. Daniel J. Kleitman
Prior Knowledge: None
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Finding One Dimensional Extrema (18.013A, Spring 2005)

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Iterative divide and conquer method for finding a local maximum or minimum on a curve.

Instructor: Prof. Daniel J. Kleitman
Prior Knowledge: Conditions for Maximum or Minimum (OT14.1)
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Practice Problem

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Problem 2 (page 2)

An optimization problem involving two fixed rays and a segment that is allowed to slide between them.

Instructor: Prof. Jason Starr
Prior Knowledge: None
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Exam Questions

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Problem 3 (page 6)

Finding the maximum volume of a box made from two square sheets of metal.

Instructor: Prof. Jason Starr
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 5 (page 1)

Finding the maximum volume for a trash can made from a cylinder and a hemisphere.

Instructor: Prof. Jason Starr
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 3.1 (page 2) to problem 3.2 (page 2)

Two problems which involve minimizing the cost of a sculpture and maximizing the area enclosed by a fence.

Instructor: Prof. Jason Starr
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 2C-1 (page 13) to problem 2C-15 (page 15)

Fifteen optimization questions drawn from various applications including largest volume of a box, shortest length of fence for a barnyard, and the optimal fare for an airline.

Instructor: Prof. David Jerison
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 2D-1 (page 15) to problem 2D-7 (page 16)

Seven optimization questions which include finding the optimum attack angle for a plane and the best moment to add milk to a cup of coffee to keep it hot.

Instructor: Prof. David Jerison
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 3 (page 1) to problem 4 (page 1)

Two questions which involve minimizing the area of a triangle and minimizing the length of wire needed to brace the legs of a table.

Instructor: Prof. David Jerison
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 2 (page 1)

Minimizing the material required to make a popcorn container.

Instructor: Prof. David Jerison
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 3 (page 1)

Finding the maximum area of a triangular enclosure formed from two sides of fence and a wall for the third side.

Instructor: Prof. David Jerison
Prior Knowledge: None
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Problem 6 (page 1)

Finding the largest possible area of a rectangle with two corners that lie on a given parabola.

Instructor: Prof. David Jerison
Prior Knowledge: None
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Analysis of Graphs Limits of Functions Asymptotic & Unbounded Behavior Continuity: Property of Functions Parametric, Polar & Vector Function Concept of the Derivative Derivative at a Point Derivative as a Function Second Derivatives Applications of Derivatives Computation of Derivatives Interpretations & Properties of Definite Integrals Applications of Integrals Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Applications of Antidifferentiation Numerical Approximations to Definite Integ Concept of Series Series of Constants Taylor Series Graphs of Functions Intuitive Understanding: Limiting Process Calculating Limits Using Algebra Asymptotic Behavior: Infinity Continuity Continuity in Terms of Limits Analysis of Planar Curves Derivative Presented Graphically, Numerically & Analytically Derivative Interpreted as Instantaneous Rate of Change Derivative: Limit of the Difference Quotient Differentiability & Continuity Tangent Line - Curve at a Point & Local Linear Approximation Instantaneous Rate of Change Approximate Rate of Change Characteristics of f & f Relationship Between Behavior of f & Sign of f Mean Value Theorem & Geometric Consequences Characteristics: Graphs of f, f & f Relationship Between Concavity of f & Sign of f'' Points of Inflection - Concavity Changes Analysis of Curves Applications of Derivatives Optimization: Absolute & Relative Extrema Modeling Rates of Change Implicit Differentiation & Derivatives of Inverse Functions Derivative as a Rate of Change l'Hôpital's Rule Geometric Interpretation of Differential Equations Derivatives of Basic Functions Rules: Derivative of Sums, Products & Quotients of Functions Chain Rule & Implicit Differentiation Derivatives: Parametric, Polar & Vector Functions Definite Integral - Limit of Riemann Sums Rate of Change of a Quantity/Change of Quantity over Interval Properties of Definite Integrals Appropriate Integrals Evaluate Definite Integrals Representation of Specific Antiderivatives Antiderivatives From Derivatives of Basic Functions Integration by Substitution, Parts & Partial Fractions Improper Integrals Separable Equations & Modeling Riemann & Trapezoidal Sums Series, Convergence, Divergence Motivating Examples Geometric Series with Applications The Harmonic Series Alternating Series - Error Bound Series as Riemann Sums & the Integral Test Ratio Test - Convergence/Divergence Comparison Test Taylor Polynomial Approximation Maclaurin & Taylor Series Maclaurin Series for Basic Functions Manipulating Taylor Series Power Series Defining Functions Radius/Interval of Convergence Lagrange Error Bound