Background information on Mendel

Mendel's inheritance experiments with peas that led to the model that each trait is controlled by one dominant allele and one recessive allele.

Use Mendel's Model to verify predictions for the inheritance of several pea traits.

Useful definitions in the field of genetics including: Gene, allele, phenotype, genotype, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive.

Introduction to human genetics studies, pedigrees, notations, and modes of inheritance-dominant, recessive, and X-linked.

Properties in a pedigree that suggest X-linked trait or autosomal dominant trait.

Incomplete penetrance, sex-limited traits, environmental influences, and alleleic frequencies can influence the way a pedigree is interpreted.

Consanguineous marriages resulted in more offspring that are homozygous recessive for rare mutations because it is more likely that both parents are carriers.

Inheritance of Cohen Y chromosome.

Independent assortment of traits and chromosomes demonstrated by dihybrid crosses with two traits.

Two traits that are on the same chromosome may not segregate independently. Genetic linkage reconciles Mendel's theory and the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance.

Choice of peas as experimental model. Experimental methods/crosses and results.

Mendel's model based on his experiments. Proposed Law of Segregation-the idea of genetic information/particles, dominance and recessivity. Introduction to Punnett square. Definitions: Homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype.

Mendel's dihybrid crosses testing for two traits. Concluded that traits assorted independently. Punnett square for a dihybrid cross.

Predicts independent assortment only if traits are on separate chromosomes. Parental versus non-parental phenotypes.

Discovery of recombination during cross over of chromosomes during meiosis I. Define recombination frequency. Use recombination frequency to create genetic maps.

Symbols and notations used in pedigrees. Example: X-linked color blindness.

Autosomes versus sex chromosomes. Morgan's experiment which discovered sex-linkage. Carriers and inheritance patterns.

Discussion of the questions of genetics and an introduction to Gregor Mendel, his laws, Punnett squares, and basic nomenclature.

Definition: Genotype, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, F1 generation, F2 generation, dominant, recessive.

Introduction to Mendel's first law, with 2x2 Punnett Squares.

Introduction to two-trait Mendellian genetics, with 4x4 Punnett Squares.

Introduction to genetic linkages and their effect on the 4x4 Punnett Square.

An explanation on the mechanics of dominance in alleles.

Discussion of autosomal dominance, autosomal recessiveness and carriers, sex-linkage, and other inheritance patterns.

PKU, Cystic Fibrosis, and others.

A discussion of pedigrees, family trees, and allele frequency.

Discussion of penetrance and obligate carriers.

Clarification of genes, alleles, traits, genotype, phenotype, and dominance.

Variations on modes of inheritance-co-dominance and epistasis.

Solution (PDF)^#

Transcription and translation of a given gene and DNA mutations that affect the protein product.

Solution (PDF)^#

Use family pedigree to predict the mode of inheritance. Predict gene arrangement on the chromosomes based on linkage.

Solution (PDF)

Use pedigree to predict the mode and probability of inheritance.

Solution (PDF)

Mono- and dihybrid crosses to determine mode of inheritance and linkage of two traits.

Solution (PDF)

Characteristics of linked genes and calculation of recombination frequencies.

Solution (PDF)

Determine mode of inheritance based on pedigrees and calculate the probability of inheriting a disease or being a carrier.

Solution (PDF)

One and two trait crosses that demonstrate simple Mendelian genetics as well as codominance and lethal phenotypes.

Solution (PDF)

Pedigrees of blood groups and two linked traits. Practice for co-dominance and recombination.

Solution (PDF)

Determine genotypes and modes of inheritance based on phenotypes of several crosses. Crosses involve dominance, recessivity, co-dominance, and lethal phenotypes.

Solution (PDF)

Conceptual questions on the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, sexual reproduction, and chromosomal recombination.

Solution (PDF)

Two examples of human pedigrees used to predict the mode of inheritance. Recombination is taken into consideration when calculating probability of inheritance.

Solution (PDF)

Determine modes and probability of inheritance based on pedigree.

Solution (PDF) Solutions at end of document

Determine modes and probability of inheritance based on genetic crosses.

Solution (PDF) Solutions at end of document

Mode of inheritance and linkage between two genes.

Crosses and progeny ratios used to determine the mode of inheritance.

Solution (PDF)

Recombination between two linked traits and mode of inheritance.

Solution (PDF)