The evolution and conservation of life on a molecular level. Similarities between all eukaryotes and an overview of fundamental processes of life.

Evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and various life forms.

RNA World Hypothesis, first organic molecules and life forms, energy sources, and oxygen. Beginning of eukaryotes, sexual reproduction, the Cambrian Period, dinosaurs, and humans.

Discussion of the history and evidence of life on Earth. Evolution of three early lineages.

Mitochondria are ancient heterotrophic bacteria and chloroplasts are ancient cyanobacteria. Bacteria cells lived in other cells in a symbiotic relationship as energy producing machinery, and eventually evolved into modern cellular organelles.

RNA world, cyclic photosynthesis and non-cyclic photosynthesis.